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Total 1904 results found since Jan 2013.

Causes of hospital admission among people living with HIV worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Publication date: Available online 11 August 2015 Source:The Lancet HIV Author(s): Nathan Ford, Zara Shubber, Graeme Meintjes, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Serge Eholie, Edward J Mills, Mary-Ann Davies, Marco Vitoria, Martina Penazzato, Sabin Nsanzimana, Lisa Frigati, Daniel O'Brien, Tom Ellman, Olawale Ajose, Alexandra Calmy, Meg Doherty Background Morbidity associated with HIV infection is poorly characterised, so we aimed to investigate the contribution of different comorbidities to hospital admission and in-hospital mortality in adults and children living with HIV worldwide. Methods Using a broad search strat...
Source: The Lancet HIV - August 12, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Tropical Travel Trouble 009 Humongous HIV Extravaganza
LITFL • Life in the Fast Lane Medical Blog LITFL • Life in the Fast Lane Medical Blog - Emergency medicine and critical care medical education blog aka Tropical Travel Trouble 009 The diagnosis of HIV is no longer fatal and the term AIDS is becoming less frequent. In many countries, people with HIV are living longer than those with diabetes. This post will hopefully teach the basics of a complex disease and demystify some of the potential diseases you need to consider in those who are severely immunosuppressed. While trying to be comprehensive this post can not be exhaustive (as you can imagine any patient with a low ...
Source: Life in the Fast Lane - July 7, 2018 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Amanda McConnell Tags: Clinical Cases Tropical Medicine AIDS art cryptococcoma cryptococcus HIV HIV1 HIV2 PEP PrEP TB toxoplasma tuberculoma Source Type: blogs

Treating children with HIV: the perennial resource challenge
WHO now recommends that anti-retroviral therapy be prescribed to all children under five. But where will the drugs come from and what happens when children reach adolescence?In June this year, the WHO published new guidelines on the prescription of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) for the treatment of HIV positive patients. One of the major changes was a recommendation to prescribe ART to all children under five, whatever their CD4 count (a measure of the strength of the immune system). Yet only 28% of children who were eligible for treatment under the previous guidelines received treatment, so can the new guidelines help bre...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - September 12, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Emilie Filou Tags: Global health Child rights Guardian Professional Children World news Pharmaceuticals industry Malaria and infectious diseases Social care Kenya Infant and child mortality Society Drugs Aid Editorial Aids and HIV Global develo Source Type: news

Demand for coronavirus tests raises concerns over HIV and malaria
Some firms shifting production away from malaria, HIV and TB, which kill millionsCoronavirus – latest updatesSee all our coronavirus coverageGovernments were caught out when Covid-19 hit, having overlooked the need to be able to test for new diseases because they were focused on drugs and vaccines for those they already knew about.Now there are fears that the rush to supply wealthier countries pressing for more tests may destabilise the fight against HIV, malaria and tuberculosis, illnesses that kill millions, mostly in low- and middle-income countries.Continue reading...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - May 1, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Sarah Boseley Tags: Coronavirus outbreak Medical research Aids and HIV Malaria Tuberculosis Health Science World news Source Type: news

Kenya: Malaria Vaccine Safe for Children Infected With HIV
[East African] A year after Mary Otieno gave birth, her baby suffered a severe bout of malaria. Doctors at the local health facility in Kisumu County in western Kenya where Ms Otieno sought help, also discovered that the baby was HIV-positive.
Source: AllAfrica News: HIV-Aids and STDs - November 9, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Nucleoside Hydrolase NH 36: A Vital Enzyme for the Leishmania Genus in the Development of T-Cell Epitope Cross-Protective Vaccines
Conclusions Nucleoside hydrolases are vital enzymes for the replication of Leishmania, conserved phylogenetic marker of the genus and strong-specific immunogens. We demonstrated that NH36 is an excellent target for chemotherapy of visceral leishmaniasis. Searching for the most immunogenic fraction of promastigotes of Leishmania we described the FML antigen of L. (L.) donovani, that has as its main component, the NH36 Nucleoside hydrolase. We developed second–generation vaccines with the FML and the NH36 native antigens, and with the NH36 recombinant protein. In addition, we obtained a third generation vaccine base...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 15, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Potential of recombinant LiHyQ, a novel Leishmania infantum protein, for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis and as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for human leishmaniasis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection: a preliminary study
In conclusion, our preliminary data suggest a diagnostic and prognostic role for rLiHyQ against leishmaniasis.PMID:34537185 | DOI:10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106126
Source: Acta Tropica - September 19, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Tha ís T O Santos Fernanda F Ramos Isabela A P Gon çalves Grasiele S V Tavares Fernanda Ludolf Raquel S Bandeira Alessandra M Silva Jo ão A Oliveira-da-Silva Thiago A R Reis Amanda S Machado Daniela P Lage Camila S Freitas Danniele L Vale V ívian T Ma Source Type: research

Modulation of Host-Pathogen Communication by Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) of the Protozoan Parasite Leishmania
In conclusion, we hope that this review brings about a new and more in-depth understanding of the part that Leishmania exosomes and various infectious agents play in the context of host-parasite interactions, with a particular focus on the establishment of infection. Future research in this field of investigations is critical for the development of new vaccine and diagnostic tools. Author Contributions The first draft was done by MO. AF and GD added new information. Funding Research in MO laboratory is supported by the Canadian Institute of Health Research (grant number: PJT-159765) and the Natural Sciences and Enginee...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 10, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Leishmania braziliensis Infection Enhances Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 Expression and Triggers TNF- α and IL-10 Production in Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of Institutional Review Board of the Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, with written informed consent from all subjects. All subjects gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Federal University of Bahia, Brazil (approval number 693.111). Human Blood Samples and Preparation of Peripheral Blood Cells Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were separated from heparinized venous blood by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation. Cells were then washed in ...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - May 1, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Quantitative secretome analysis unravels new secreted proteins in Amphotericin B resistant Leishmania donovani.
Abstract Leishmaniasis is second most neglected disease after malaria and seems to be a worldwide concern because of increased drug resistance and non-availability of approved vaccine. The underlying molecular mechanism of drug resistance (Amp B) in Leishmania parasites still remains elusive. Herein, the present study investigated differentially expressed secreted proteins of Amphotericin B sensitive (S) and resistant (R) isolate of Leishmania donovani by using label free quantitative LC-MS/MS approach. A total of 406 differentially expressed secreted proteins were found between sensitive (S) and resistant (R) iso...
Source: Journal of Proteomics - July 25, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Garg G, Ali V, Singh K, Gupta P, Ganguly A, Sahasrabuddhe AA, Das P Tags: J Proteomics Source Type: research

Elucidating the possible mechanism of action of some pathogen box compounds against < i > Leishmania donovani < /i >
In this study, we screened the antileishmanial activity, selectivity, morphological alterations, cell cycle progression and apoptotic potentials of six Pathogen box compounds from Medicine for Malaria Venture (MMV) againstLeishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes. From this study, five of the compounds showed great promise as lead chemotherapeutics based on their high selectivity against theLeishmania donovani parasite when tested against the murine mammalian macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line (with a therapeutic index ranging between 19 –914 (promastigotes) and 1–453 (amastigotes)). The cell cycle progression show...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - April 9, 2020 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Wandayi Emmanuel Amlabu Source Type: research

An Insight into the Current Perspective and Potential Drug Targets for Visceral Leishmania (VL).
Abstract Leishmaniasis is one of the six entities on the list of most important diseases of the World Health Organization/Tropical Disease Research (WHO/TDR). After Malaria, it is one of the most prevalent and lethal parasitic diseases. VL is one of the most fatal forms of this disease, especially if left untreated. The drugs that are currently available for the treatment of this disease are expensive, toxic or no longer effective especially in endemic regions. Currently no vaccine has been developed to immunize humans against this disease. The major problems with the current drugs are the development of resistanc...
Source: Current Drug Targets - April 20, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Mansuri R, Singh J Tags: Curr Drug Targets Source Type: research